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Fema s Mission Of Fema - 1234 Words

Introduction Throughout its history, FEMA has had two main missions. First, FEMA’s mission is to enhance the federal government s capacity to deal with and survive foreign attacks. The main types of foreign attacks that FEMA is tasked to respond to relate to terrorist attacks and nuclear war. The second mission of FEMA is to assist state and local authori ¬ties to respond to man-made and natural disasters that are to enormous for the local and state resources to respond to efficiently. While national security focuses more on civil defense, state and local authorities are more focused on natural disasters such as hurricanes, storms, floods and potential nuclear power accidents. These divergent focuses really presents FEMA with huge challenges since federal security authorities’ main objective is quite different from state or local authorities’ focus. Considering that FEMA designed the Federal Response Plan, the agency has the challenge of balancing these interests while work ing on its two key missions. Weaknesses and Strengths of FEMA Since its inception, FEMA has dealt with quite many disasters. In all these disasters, at least, people’s lives and property have been saved. Public opinion on the performance of FEMA is quite divergent. However, there is a feeling that FEMA has several weaknesses that if corrected will help the agency achieve its objectives and even exceed public expectations about its performance. In particular, FEMA’s responses to 9/11 attacks andShow MoreRelatedFederal Emergency Management Agency System1257 Words   |  6 Pagesfederal emergency functions. FEMA was signed into law on April 1, 1979 by President Carter through Executive Order 12127 (IS-230, 2014). However, during the 1980’s there were not many large scale disasters in which the agency needed to respond and it became a quiet administrative department. Then, in 1992 Hurricane Andrew, a category 5 hurricane, struck Florida leaving thousands of citizens without food or water. Local agencies had to wait five day s before the first FEMA representatives arrived withRead MoreThe Creation Of Fema And The Federal Emergency Management Agency ( Fema )1555 Words   |  7 PagesThe Creation of FEMA started out as a beautiful theory. Before FEMA we had an Acts constructed to make the situation better but FEMA was constructed to assistance the situations first hand so that the American people were catered to at a quicker response and in a manner that was assessed for safety situations. â€Å"On April 1, 1979, President Jimmy Carter signed the executive order that created the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). From day one, FEMA has remained committed to protecting andRead MoreEmergency Management Act Of 1934 Essay977 Words   |  4 PagesEmergency Management begin in the 1800’s. New Hampshire had a fire that destroyed most of the city. The city needed financial aid to help with the recovery efforts. In 1803, a Congressional Act was passed in order to help the town recover from the devastating loss. This is an example of what would be the Federal government participation in a local disaster. In the 1930’s, the Reconstruction Finance Corporation and the Bureau of Public Roads was given the ability to give disaster loans to aid inRead MoreThe Federal Emergency Management Agency1348 Words   |  6 Pagesclimate change, FEMA has shown as an agent for change in how it addresses and refocuses states in preparation for the inevitable future climate change. In its current form, the federal emergency management agency, commonly known as FEMA, represents a sizable federal agency employing approximately 7500 people located throughout the country, and among 10 regional field offices. Such extensions include national emergency training centers, and a domestic preparedness-training center. FEMA has associationsRead MoreThe Transportation Security Administration ( Fema )1540 Words   |  7 Pages This report below is a concerning the overall DHS program prioritization which will address the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) which is a directorate under the DHS and the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) which become part of the Emergency Preparedness and Response Directorate of DHS. This report could have not been prepared without gathering background information concerning the following area hazard/threats, hazard identification and risk analysis, terroristRead MoreNational Response Pl An Effective Emergenc y Plan1321 Words   |  6 Pagescalled FEMA. FEMA stands for Federal Emergency Management Agency. Their mission is to support the citizens and first responders to promote that as a nation we work together to build, sustain, and improve our capability to prepare for, protect against, respond to, recover from, and mitigate all hazards. The federal government has provided ways to respond to emergencies to provide immediate safety, food and shelter, and ensure that the needs of the communities are met. Since established, FEMA has maintainedRead MoreThe Federal Emergency Management Agency1490 Words   |  6 PagesThe Rise and Fall of Legitimacy: A Review of the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) from 1979 to 2005 Introduction Legitimacy is the lifeblood of an organization. With conflict and competition a clear winner is considered legitimate. Cooperation, however, offers the potential for legitimacy for multiple parties. A legitimate organization has authority based on being representative, accountable, responsible, effectiveness, efficiency, minimal interference from political pressure, and establishedRead MoreRegulatory Issues Impacting Development of an Emergency Preparedness and Management Plan1573 Words   |  7 PagesSome of these agencies include the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Each of these regulatory agencies has governing standards and regulations that must be, when applicable, incorporated into the Emergency Preparedness and Management Plan (Schneid Collins, 2001). The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) is the primary regulatory agency responsible for the public sector. FEMA’sRead MoreNational Response Plan Howard L. Hayes Saint Leo University1323 Words   |  6 Pagescalled FEMA. FEMA stands for Federal Emergency Management Agency. Their mission is to support the citizens and first responders to promote that as a nation, we work together to build, sustain, and improve our capability to prepare for, protect against, respond to, recover from, and mitigate all hazards. The federal government has provided ways to respond to emergencies to provide immediate safety, food and shelter, and ensure that the needs of the communities are met. Since established, FEMA has maintainedRead MoreUnderstanding The Experience Of Emergency Management And Collaboration That Took Place During Hurricane Sandy909 Words   |  4 Pagesability to be more effective, faster, produce more, and have more personnel available. Collaboration offers more innova tion and experience to a situation. This paper will discuss the roles of those that were involved in the collaborative efforts of FEMA. The basic reasoning for this paper is to provide knowledge and understanding the experience of emergency management and collaboration that took place during Hurricane Sandy. Introduction Hurricane Sandy pushed across New York coast

The Perseverance Of A Hero Fight Or Hero - 728 Words

Andrew Bernstein once said, â€Å"Nothing is given to man on earth, struggle is built into nature of life and conflict is possible- the hero is the person who lets no obstacle prevent them from the values they have chosen†. The perseverance of an ordinary man is what makes them a hero. The hurdles that are set up every day for mankind that will stop the rest for continuing is the difference between heroes and ordinary people. The question that is asked is fight or flight? Those who choose fight are known as heroes to us, those who choose flight are lost in the crowd. A hero is determined to accomplish acts that others won’t, and they are not selfish. In the real world heroes are classified as everyday people with the greatest determination†¦show more content†¦Those people that run the wrong way have left their life on the line as they try to save others. And those that are not heroes are running away from the danger. Heroes are people that know that they are doing the right thing for other people even if it wont benefit them. In the autobiography by Frederick Douglass, â€Å" I am often asked how I felt when I found myself in a free state...but I have never felt better then when I was meeting with other men to try and help more slaves be free† (Douglass 71). Douglass knew that his escape would not only help him but it would allow him to help others. The same thing is exhibited in the poem, Oh Captain My Captain â€Å"...The port is near, the bells I hear, the people all exulting, While follow eyes the steady keel, the vessel grim and daring: But O heart! heart! heart! O the bleeding drops of red, Where on the deck my Captain lies, Fallen cold and dead† (Whitman 69). Abe Lincoln was not selfish he fought for freeing slaves in his country. He was not alive to see the result of his fighting, or the impact the fight had on his country. Heroes are not those people that are running the right way just to save their lives but those that are running the wrong way to save others. Accomplishing things that others don’t and won’t is what heroes do. They are not selfish. Those people that we call heroesShow MoreRelatedHeroism : A True Hero1283 Words   |  6 PagesGeorge S Patton, a senior officer of the U.S. Army, once said, â€Å"The real hero is the man who fights even though he is scared.† The online dictionary from Merriam-Webster defines a hero as, â€Å"One who shows great courage.† People notice that a hero shows courage and perseverance in overwhelming positions. People can even be inspired to show the same in the problems they are going through. Maybe inside the hero they are nervous, or even scared, but outside they show that they will power through whateverRead MoreThe Sea And The Old Man1176 Words   |  5 PagesHemingway paints a picture of what the â€Å"code† hero, or ideal character, would be. Santiago is definitely one of these code heroes. Throughout the book, he shows incredible perseverance through diffic ult situations, he recognizes his flaws and accepts them, and he faces death, of both his goal and himself, without fear or concern. Santiago’s perseverance is a clear sign that he is one of Hemingway’s code heroes. In both his everyday life and his fight with the marlin, Santiago does not give up andRead MoreEssay on Santiago as Code Hero in The Old Man and the Sea1619 Words   |  7 PagesThe Old Man and the Sea, Santiago demonstrates the traits of the code hero. The Hemingway’s code hero covers the principal ideals of honor, courage, and endurance in a misfortune life. Throughout the novel, Santiago shows a contrast between opposite attitudes and values which associate his behavior with the guidelines of the code. In this case, the depiction of conflicting values, such as dignity despite humility, perseverance despite despair, and victory despite defeat are aspects that help to describeRead MoreAnalysis Of Homer s The Odyssey1533 Words   |  7 Pagesof heroism because it details the strenuous journey of Odysseus, a crafty hero whose key priority is to return home to his family. As one of the most prominent themes, The Odyssey carries forth the idea of heroism through the portrayal of Odysseus, and establishes a connection with the real world through the expression of life lessons. Consequently, Odysseus is characterized to serve as a role model for the successful hero because, after all, the poem is essentially centered on his very name. HoweverRead MoreJackie Robinson Hero Essay813 Words   |  4 PagesA hero is a person who is admired for courage, outstanding achievements, or noble qualities. Jackie Robinson is a person who fits all these qualities.Jackie Robinson is a true hero. He has done many things no ordinary person would have done. Some examples of things he has done is that he has broke the color barrier, he fought for integration for major leagues, he was a very influential player. He never gave up. He kept on trying. Jackie Robinson was born in Cairo, Georgia in 1919 to a family ofRead MoreGandhi Vs. Greek Heroes936 Words   |  4 Pageschanging the world to become a better place. A hero is someone who has given his or her life to something bigger than oneself.1 Both Greek heroes and modern day heroes complete tasks which are nearly impossible for a normal human. Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, who was the leader of activists in getting India independence from Britain, is a great hero to many people. Although Gandhi and Greek heroes have many similar and different aspects about being a hero, there are great reasons what make Gandhi superiorRead More The Old Man and the Sea Essay526 Words   |  3 Pageseighty-four days has not caught a fish. Now the boy who looks up to him is not allowed to fish with him anymore. This boy looks up to the old man as a hero because the old man shows courage, perseverance, and respect. The old man shows courage just by going out all alone everyday and still fishing at his age. Although he showed the most courage when he had to fight the big fish. He could have let the fish go, by cutting the line, bu t instead the old man was willing to die trying to catch it. â€Å"He had seenRead MoreOdysseus Hero Essay1043 Words   |  5 PagesA hero is one who sets a goal in which takes bravery and dedication in order to achieve. The book The Odyssey written by Homer reveals a story of a true hero. The main character is a man named Odysseus who displays hero characteristics throughout the book. Odysseus is a hero because he returns home with a changed perspective which reflects his heroic abilities, such as his bravery and dedication to return home. During the beginning of the story Odysseus has to make an impactful decision while alsoRead More Heroism in Beowulf Essay1449 Words   |  6 Pagesheroes! They possess the two traits that are needed in western civilization to be considered a hero: wisdom and fortitude. These modern heroes have wisdom and fortitude. Did Beowulf possess these traits? Beowulf shows he is a hero through both his wisdom and fortitude throughout his adventures. Beowulf is a great hero because he possesses both wisdom and fortitude. Wisdom is one of the traits of hero, but what is wisdom. Wisdom is the ability to make the right judgment, the right decision, becauseRead MoreThe Importance Of Perseverance1017 Words   |  5 Pages Homer’s The Odyssey, an epic poem about the trials of Odysseus on his return journey, demonstrates that perseverance is at the heart of every hero. The ability to endure hardships is not a quality that is attributed to many characters, and in The Odyssey, a character’s lack of perseverance will bring him his demise. Similar to Odysseus, Penelope, his wife, perseveres by staying faithful and unmarried for twenty years, while waiting for his return. Through The Odyssey, Homer suggests that those

Penn State Scandal Essay - 2284 Words

Penn State Scandal Everything was looking good for Joe Paterno and Penn State football as his football managing career rose with an overall record of 298-136-3 but in 2011, all that changed. Back in 2000 a janitor of Penn State witnessed Sandusky receiving oral sex from a young boy, the janitor reported what he saw to co-workers and his supervisor but none of these men reported these actions to authorities. It wasn’t until November 5, 2011 that Sandusky was arrested on a $100,000 bail and up to 40 criminal counts. ESPN were quickly in the scene to investigate and report the allegations on Sandusky. They quickly reported saying Sandusky was charged with more than 50 counts of child sex-abuse involving 10 boys he met through The Second†¦show more content†¦Governor, Tom Corbett took action and warned students to refrain from any violence and should monitor their behavior. The crowd initially was a peaceful demonstration against Coach Paternos firing. The crowd quickly turned from a peace ful demonstration to a riotous mob, State College police said in a statement. The mob attempted to light vehicles on fire, and tore down light posts and street signs. (Klopman) University officials reminded the students that their actions are affecting the family of the victims and other victims in the community that were sexually abused. Assistant coach, Mike McQueary testified to the grand jury in December 2010 that he saw Sandusky sodomize a naked boy of about 10 years old in the football teams locker room shower in 2001. The jury quickly saw his testimony more credible than Curley’s and Schultz’s. Because of this, Penn State placed Mike on administrative leave. â€Å"McQueary testified in a grand jury investigation that eventually led to child sex-abuse charges being filed against former defensive coordinator Jerry Sandusky. The ensuing scandal brought down longtime coach Joe Paterno, who was fired by university trustees amid growing criticism that he should have done more to stop the alleged abuse.† (Marklein) McQueary changed his story saying he e-mailed his friends andShow MoreRelatedEssay Penn State Scandal1496 Words   |  6 PagesThe Jerry Sandusky case had a major impact on Penn State. It affected both academics and athletics in a major way. In this essay I will discuss the situation that occurred and the impact that the social media had on this once great school. Jerry Sandusky is a retired American football coach. He was the assistant coach at Pennsylvania State University under the legendary Joe Paterno for 30 years. He was the defensive coordinator for the football team. He is also the founder of The Second MileRead MorePenn State Scandal - Human Behavior Essay3507 Words   |  15 PagesCase Study â€Å"Penn State Scandal – From A Human Behavior Perspective† Elisa-Ruth Nelson Southern New Hampshire University Introduction November 5, 2011, Pennsylvania grand jury indicted former Penn State assistant coach Gerald Sandusky, accusing him of sexually assaulting young boys. On June 22, 2012, Sandusky was found guilty of 45 of 48 child sex abuse charges. Nearly four months later, (October 9, 2012) Sandusky received a 30 – 60 year sentence. This scandal eventually forced furtherRead MoreThe Effect of the Abuse Scandals at Penn State and Syracuse883 Words   |  4 PagesThe Effect of the Abuse Scandals at Penn State and Syracuse Introduction In the fall of 2011 Penn State University was rocked when allegations of sexual misconduct with a child were leveled against former assistant football coach Jerry Sandusky. Within a month another scandal erupted at Syracuse University when similar charges surfaced against Bernie Fine, associate head basketball coach at the university. Though different in circumstance both of these incidences had repercussions that reachedRead MoreThe Problem Of The Unhappy Valley1546 Words   |  7 Pagesis not handled lightly. An abuser can spend up to a life-time in prison for such doings. In an effort to terminate the rumors and the stories surrounding the 2011 Jerry Sandusky Penn State sex abuse scandal, director Amir Bar-Lev released his 2014 documentary Happy Valley in hopes to get the accurate story behind the scandal. Throughout the film, real witnesses and victims come forth to tell their authentic side of the story. It focuses on the people, and their reactions to the crimes that were pub licizedRead MoreThe National Collegiate Athletic Association1731 Words   |  7 PagesCollegiate Athletic Association was previously known as the Intercollegiate Athletic Association of the United Stated (IAAUS) and when Roosevelt founded this association it was not known as the NCAA. Intercollegiate Athletic Association of the United States became the National Collegiate Athletic Association in 1910 and has been that ever since. Like stated in the introduction, the current headquarters for the NCAA is in Indianapolis, Indiana, but the headquarters have not always been there. The NCAARead MoreSandusky Scandal Essay5270 Words   |  22 Pages Pennsylvania State University Scandal 1 Pennsylvania State University Scandal Contribution and Cover-up of Sexual Abuse OL-500 Human Behavior in Organization Southern New Hampshire University C. LaMour Romine October 2, 2014 Pennsylvania State University Scandal 2 Abstract This research paper will discuss the Pennsylvania State University (Penn State) Sexual Child Abuse Scandal, involving perpetrator Jerry Sandusky; and its cover up by university officials. This researchRead MoreEssay on Jerry Sandusky Case1507 Words   |  7 Pages Currently in the news, there is a major event that pertains to the topic of the psychology of trauma. This event is the investigation of Jerry Sandusky and his alleged conviction of sexual abuse. Jerry Sandusky, an assistant football coach at Penn State University, has been accused of sexually abusing boys in the basement of his home and in the school workout room and locker room. This investigation was triggered by one of the victims who went to the police and since then, more victims have comeRead MoreAnalysis Paper2054 Words   |  9 PagesAnalysis Paper - Penn State Scandal On June 2012, Jerry Sandusky, former assistant Penn State football coach, was found guilty for 45 of the 48 charges of sexual abuse of young boys over a 15 year period. He was previously known as a notable college football coach who wrote several books and even founded The Second Mile, a nonprofit charity serving Pennsylvania underprivileged and at risk youth. This scandal deeply affected the whole Penn State community but also the entire state of PennsylvaniaRead MoreSexual Abuse Of Minors Essay863 Words   |  4 Pagesknow is to be right† (p. 9). In order for leaders to fulfill their duty of leading an organization, they must have a solid foundation of truth. Molher Jr. (2017) goes on to state that â€Å"The starting point for Christian leadership is not the leader but the eternal truths that God has revealed to us† (p.9). Bridges (2006) states â€Å"God’s word must be so strongly fixed in our minds that it becomes the dominant influence in our thoughts, our attitudes, and our actions† (p.75). It is clear though studyingRead MoreEssay on Willie Stark as Huey Long 1217 Words   |  5 PagesRobert Penn Warren’s novel, All the King’s Men depicts the tale of the rise of a political leader named Willie Stark. Many readers have speculated that Warren based Willie Stark’s character on Huey Long, a controversial, political leader from Louisiana who was prominent during the early 1900s. Although Robert Penn Warren has â€Å"repeatedly denied that Willie Stark is a fictional portrait of Huey Long,† many aspects of the novel directly correlate to the political career and personal life of Huey Long

Dispute Resolution and Arbitration in Oil Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Dispute Resolution and Arbitration in Oil. Answer: Introduction: Mediation is a better ways of solving disputes rather that making use of the courts and the judges. Mediation is time saving when compared to litigation. The process of litigation is quick and settles down to a mutual agreement[2] to the dispute which is accepted by both the parties. The mediator is a person who is the middleman in the dispute between the two parties. The mediator helps the parties to a dispute to benefit from each others private as well as confidential manners. This process starting from the application[3] for mediation till the settlement of the dispute does not take long time like litigation that involves a lot of legal issues which generally take time in the court to resolve the issues. If the parties to a dispute want quick resolution for their dispute, they should choose mediation process. Mediation process is where the cost is saved; the price for mediation service is lower since the time taken for the settlement of the dispute is also shorter. Some of the mediation services are free of charge especially in the Malaysian Mediation Centre. In a mediation process the parties reach to a settlement point in which they are satisfied. With the mediation facilitation[4] the parties to the dispute shall raise their problems concerning their benefits to the dispute in relation to each other. The resolution to the dispute will be concluded with the compromise and the with the fact that the settlement is agreed by both the parties to dispute. Mediation process focuses on the mending the broken relationship between the parties to dispute[5]. The result or the dispute settled under mediation give a win-win situation to both the parties. This is due to the agreement is made to be settled through compromise made by both the parties rather than having a judgment made by a judge which is only one sided. Unlike litigation where there is involvement of close related parties[6] like family members and relatives or the employer and the employee, the party which loses will draw a clear lie with the winning party, such things dont happen in mediation. Parties to a dispute and their counsel often avoid mediation process only because the result of the dispute is neither final nor binding. There is always a tension that an agreement that is mediated will not be enforceable by law just like the courts judgments and arbitration awards are. Yet, mediated agreements have an advantage in comparison to the judgments of the court and the arbitration awards because these mediated agreements are regarded as the agreement that are mutually understood by both the parties. Thus, the parties to a dispute can consider mediation to give effect to or meet the needs of both the parties. The result of the mediation is agreed and signed[7] by the parties at the end of the mediation session, which makes it enforceable in relation to the settlement of the agreement. Commercial mediation is considered as a private[8] and confidential dispute solving procedure in which an independent party and third party who is neutral that is the mediator, who helps the parties to solve dispute through a mutually acceptable negotiable[9] agreement. This process involves briefing of the mediator before the mediation which takes not more than one day. The mediation is attended by a decision maker for both the parties to dispute along with their legal advisors as well as experts or the insurer if there are any. Mediation process are voluntary process and gives scope to the parties to withdraw themselves from it at any point they want to. However, if a settlement is made it will be legally binding. It is believed that mediation should be regarded as the first option of resolving dispute. It is also believed that in most of the cases related to mediation can be deployed suitably. There are two obvious ways where the interference of the court may be needed, one is when the precedents arises determining the future needs or when the party needs urgent relief from the court. In such situations mediation is not advisable. In various mediated agreements a clause is included that states how such difficulties[10] as well any dispute related to the future shall be resolved. There is always scope for unforeseen problems that can come up while solving dispute. Mediation is used in law for the alternate dispute resolution. Mediation laws refer to a form of the alternative[11] dispute resolutionwhere the parties to dispute get a third party who is neutral, and helps in settlement of dispute. The purpose of mediation process is to avoid the time and expense which is caused in litigation[12]. Unlike the other forms of alternate dispute resolution mediation may not be binding on the parties. The role of the mediator is not to reach to a decision but to help the parties to dispute to reach to a decision that will be accepted by both the parties. There is usually no guarantee that mediation process will give effect to any settlement agreement in relation to solving the cases. Sometime mediation may be waste of time but still parties opt for mediation this is only because, when mediation is successful it saves a lot of money. For instance, taking a personal case of injury for trial can cost approx $100,000 or even more. But on the other hand, parties to dispute can pay the mediator some dollars and there are high chances that the case may get resolved by the end of the day. People who have been facing litigation prospects often consider that if their case is appropriate for mediation process. Nearly, all type of cases can be mediated but the best type of cases that should be considered for mediation is those who need to find an agreement of their own. If the parties involved can reach to a settlement on their own they need not involve a mediator. The most difficult issue that arises that during mediation is that whether the clause of mediation creates any enforceable obligations. This issue has made impact on the other related issues and rights. There are two decisions made by the Ontario Court of Appeal in which the court had arrived at a conflicting decision if the mediation clause can create any enforceable obligation. The English Court of Appeal considered this issue in the case, Sulmerica CIA Nacional de Seugros S.A. v Enesa Enharia S.A[13]. Mediation is considered to be a consensual process which requires no agreement for the process. It this is so then it makes it difficult to observe the certainty of the process that is essential element for its validity. In the English Court of Appeal it has been applied that the details of the mediation processes the certainty in relation to the requirements that are found in the law of contract that are related to the making of the contract. If in any case the party does not want to mediate it can state the position as soon as possible and therefore the mediation process can be done at the end. In the case, L-3 Communication Spar Aerospace Limited v CAE Inc[14], the court of appeal held that an obligation which is enforceable for mediation process has been pointed out in this case in relation to the cause of action which did not accrue and the limitation period did not start till the mediation process is held to be over. However, when it is least possible to get a settlement the parties opt for mediation in order to give effect to the settlement of dispute. Most common issues that are referred in mediation process are of breach of contract, injury cases in relation to torts, wrongful terminations of claims, family law matters and many more. Case like criminal charges, bankruptcy, deportation, immigration matters, appeals in relation to disability and any other cases in relation to government prosecution are not included in mediation process. Even cases like active dispute such as estate planning matters or real estate matters will not process under the mediation process. Arbitration is a type of dispute resolution process. It is considered as a private, judicial determination of dispute monitored by an independent third party. An arbitration hearing involves the use of an arbitrator or a tribunal. The tribunal consists of various of arbitrators though certain legal systems insist to avoid ties. The parties to dispute hand over the power to decide their problem to the arbitrators. Arbitration is an alternative to the courts settlement process it is final and binding to the parties. Although mediation and arbitration are similar and have the same mindset that is to solve dispute and give relief to both the parties. Yet they have major differences which the parties should understand before only. The most important difference between arbitration and mediation is that in an arbitration proceeding the arbitrator hears the proof of the both the parties before making his or her decision. Arbitration proceedings are similar to the proceedings of the court only thing is that arbitration proceedings are less formal. Whereas in mediation the process to solve dispute is based on negotiation with the help of a neutral third party. This neutral third party does not reach a conclusion but it helps the parties to decide upon a settlement. Mediators do not issue orders[15] or find fault rather they help the parties to the dispute to reach to a settlement with the help of communication[16]. Mediation process may vary with respect to the parties. Often the mediators meet the part ies to dispute separately. The mediators discuss the dispute with the parties and explore the ways to solve the dispute with each party. The main focus remains towards the parties to solve the dispute. Most of the disputes are solved successfully and often the parties will then enter into a written agreement where the settlement is made. Most of the people are satisfied with the decision of the mediation process than with the decisions made in the arbitration proceedings or the courts process. Arbitration proceedings are generally more formal than the mediation. An arbitrator can be a retired judge or a senior lawyer or a professional like an accountant or an engineer. During arbitration proceeding both the parties are given opportunity to their cases to the arbitrator. In a regular court proceeding[17] lawyers can also question the witness from both the parties. In arbitration there are very few out of court settlement between the parties. The arbitrator has the power to render any decision that is legally binding by both the parties and they must honor it and the award shall be enforceable in the courts. The scope of New York and Panama Conventions[18] and their application is highlighted under this. One of the primary means to enforce the international arbitration agreement is the New York Convention and their awards are made in the United States. The application of the arbitral awards are made in relation to the territory of the State other than those States where the recognition and enforcement of these awards are sorted and the arbitral awards are considered non-domestic which means that they are not considered as domestic awards in the State where their recognition and enforcement are made. Although the New York Convention does not define the term non-domestic awards. An agreement or an award that arise from the legal relationship whether it may be contractual or not it is not considered to be commercial it includes transactions, contracts or even agreements that are described under section 2 of this Convention. This is totally between the people of the United States and may not fall under the criteria of the Convention unless the relationship includes the property that that is located abroad or the enforcement has any other relation with one or more foreign states. For such purpose of this section corporations are considered as the citizens of the United States if they are incorporated or have the principle in the place of business in the United States. However, the ratification of the New York Convention[19], the scope of the convention was limited by the United States otherwise broad application of it would have been applied by the people that would elect the commercial reservation and the reciprocity reservation, which limit the application to commercial disputes and restrict its ambit to enforce the arbitration[20] agreements with the countries who are a part of it. Currently, 135 and may more countries have ratified the New York Convention. The Panama Convention[21] provides the jurisdiction for recognizing and enforcing the arbitration agreements and awards in the international commercial transactions between the individual of the member countries of the organizing states. Like the New York Convention, the Panama Convention is executed by the United States only applies to the arbitration agreements in respect to the commercial transactions and it also limits the enforcement of arbitration agreements with the countries who are a part of it. The Panama Convention does not define the commercial the courts in this country have applied by the United States Supreme Courts broad definition of commerce. There are times when it is expected that both the Ney York and the Panama Convention may be applied to the arbitral awards. When such situation arises then the Panama Convention states that, if most of the people of the parties to arbitration agreement are the people of a States that have been ratified to the Panama Convention and are the members of the conventions, the Panama Convention applies to such acts. But in other cases the New York convention applies. In the theory of enforcing the arbitration awards through the New York and Panama Convention is very straight. Any such case that comes under the convention is within the jurisdiction of the United States District Courts. The conformation of these awards must be made within three years of the award being issued. In the case, Karaha Bodas Co. LLC v Peruasahaan Pertambangan Minyak Dan Gas Bumi Nagara[22], a company needs enforcement of a Swiss arbitral award against the Indonesian government owned company issues in Switzerland to peruse the Swiss procedural laws. The Indonesian company successfully petitioned an Indonesian court to annul the award and then asserted the annulment as a defense to enforce the award under the New York Convention. Bibliography: Sulamerica CIA Nacional de Seguros S.A. v Enesa Engenharia S.A. [2012] 1 Lloyd's Rep. 671 L-3 Communication Spar Aerospace Limited v CAE Inc 2011 ONCA 435 (CanLII). Karaha Bodas Co. v. PERTAMBANGAN, 190 F. Supp. 2d 936 (S.D. Tex. 2001) Brown, Gina Viola, and Andrea Kupfer Schneider. "Gender differences in dispute resolution practice: Report on the ABA section of dispute resolution practice snapshot survey." (2014). Carter, Alexandra, and Shawn Watts. "The Role of Language Interpretation in Providing a Quality Mediation Process." (2016). Christie, David S. "The elephant in the dispute resolution room: problems with the definition of arbitration in Scots law." (2016). Cordes, Michael. "Workplace mediation process undergoing trial: the subtropical scene." (2016). Hayes, Andrew F.Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach. Guilford Press, 2013. Lamm, Carolyn B., and Frank Spoorenberg. "The Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards Under the New York Convention: Recent Developments." (2014). Meyer, Karin.Developing guidelines for professionals to facilitate the best interests of the child during the divorce mediation process. Diss. North-West University (South Africa), Potchefstroom Campus, 2015. Moore, Christopher W.The mediation process: Practical strategies for resolving conflict. John Wiley Sons, 2014. Moore, Christopher W.The mediation process: Practical strategies for resolving conflict. John Wiley Sons, 2014. Smith, Amy L., and David R. Smock. "Managing a mediation process." (2016). Del Duca, Louis, and Nancy Welsh. "Enforcement of Foreign Arbitration Agreements and Awards: Application of the New York Convention in the United States."American Journal of Comparative Law62.1 (2014): 69-95. Fellas, John, Hagit Elul, and Apoorva Patel. "International Arbitration in New York: A Practical Perspective."Indian J. Arb. L.5 (2016): 222. Ferrari, Franco, and Friedrich Rosenfeld. "Bridging the Gap between Investment and Commercial Arbitration at the Enforcement Stage: Regime Interactions between the New York Convention and International Investment Law."NYUJL Bus.12 (2015): 295. Gunzler, Douglas, et al. "Introduction to mediation analysis with structural equation modeling."Shanghai archives of psychiatry25.6 (2013): 390. Hruby, Gregory W., et al. "Characterization of the biomedical query mediation process."AMIA Summits on Translational Science Proceedings2013 (2013): 89. Huang, M. P., and F. H. Kao. "The values-fit based charismatic leadership theory: The mediation process and multilevel analysis."Chinese Journal of Psychology56.2 (2014): 215-235. Paulsson, Marike RP. "The 1958 New York Convention from an Unusual Perspective: Moving Forward by Parting with It."Indian J. Arb. L.5 (2016): 23. Shin, Boo Young, and Jae Hong Kim. "Rheological and mechanical properties of polyamide 6 modified by electron-beam initiated mediation process."Radiation Physics and Chemistry112 (2015): 88-96.

Epidemiology of Lyme Disease free essay sample

Burgdorfer, the spirochetes were named Borrelia burgdorferi (Where did Lyme Disease Come From? Is it New? , 2009). Further investigation would lead scientists to name blacklegged ticks as the source of B. burgdorferi transmittal. Scientists would also find that antibiotics were successful in treating Lyme disease and that lab tests could be used to determine human infection (Preece, 2008). Healthy People 2010 The government project, Healthy People 2010, is designed to help Americans achieve healthier lives by the year 2010. There are 467 objectives listed in the project.The 14th heading in this document, Immunizations and Infectious Diseases, has a subclass heading entitled Diseases Preventable Through Targeted Vaccination. The goal of this objective is to have a 44% decline in cases of Lyme disease by 2010. The goal will be achieved through â€Å"New initiatives to prevent Lyme disease including the implementation of community-based prevention programs, host-targeted acaricides to reduce the numbers of vector ticks, and appropriate use of Lyme disease vaccine. † (Healthy People 2010: 14 Immunization and Infectious Diseases). Natural Life HistoryLyme disease is most often found in children under fifteen years old and adults between the ages of thirty nine and forty nine years old. Young children are at risk of tick bites and Lyme infection because of the amount of time they spend playing outside. Other people at risk are hikers, farmers, hunters, scientific researchers, or others that have regular contact with animals or the outdoors (Brown University, 2005). The incidence of Lyme disease seems to be higher from May-August. Symptoms of Lyme disease usually appear within three to thirty days of being bitten.Usually the first sign of Lyme disease is a circular rash, erythema migrans. This rash occurs in about 80% of infected persons and begins at the site of the tick bite. The rash can grow as large as twelve inches in diameter and often takes on the appearance of a bullseye. Other early signs of Lyme disease include fatigue, chills, fever, joint pain, headache, muscle aches, and swollen lymph nodes. If not treated, the infection may spread causing Bell’s palsy, severe headaches and neck stiffness, heart palpitations, dizziness associated with heart arrhythmias, and joint pain.After several months, if Lyme disease is still not treated, 60% of patients will have intermittent arthritis and 5% may develop chronic neurological complaints such as pain, numbness and tingling in extremities, and short term memory loss (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2007). Patients showing signs or symptoms of Lyme disease should have ELISA or IFA blood tests performed immediately. If these tests are negative, then no further testing is needed. However, if these tests are positive, then a Western blot test should be performed to confirm Lyme disease.If confirmed, antibiotics should be started as soon as possible (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2008). Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Intervention Methods Primary intervention seeks to reduce the risk of exposure (Corapi, White, Phillips, Daltroy, Shadick, Liang, 2007). This is done by educating people about Lyme disease and the blacklegged tick. People should be aware of areas where the ticks are most likely found, the appearance of the blacklegged tick, the season when they are most active, and ways to avoid them.Ways to avoid the tick would include walking in the center of a path away from overhanging brush or tall grass, wearing long sleeves and pants with a tight fit around wrists and ankles, checking your clothing and skin daily for the presence of ticks, and wearing a repellant (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2008). Secondary intervention tar gets the development of disease (Corapi, White, Phillips, Daltroy, Shadick, Liang, 2007). A good way to prevent the transmission of Lyme disease is to kill the ticks. An acaricide can be used to reduce the tick population by 68-100%.Also, the removal of leaves, tall grass, brush, and liter under bird feeders can reduce the tick population by creating an environment not favorable to tick survival. A person may also use wood chips or gravel between their homes and the boundaries of the yard. This prevents ticks from migrating to areas where they are not wanted. Finally, the control of the deer population and deer movement can greatly reduce the tick population. Ticks are attracted to the blood of the deer and then the ticks are deposited in other areas as the deer migrate (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2008). Tertiary intervention begins when a case of Lyme disease is expected in a human. After lab tests are performed to verify the presence of Lyme disease, treatment with antibiotics should start immediately (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2008). Incidence and Prevalence The incidence of Lyme disease in the United States is a huge problem. Since it became a nationally notifiable disease in 1991, the number of cases has doubled. From 2003-2005, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention received reports of 64,382 cases of Lyme disease from forty six states and the District of Columbia.Approximately 93% of these cases occurred among residents of ten states including: Pennsylvania, New York, New Jersey, Massachusetts, Connecticut, Maryland, Wisconsin, Rhode Island, Minnesota, and Delaware. Of these, New York and Pennsylvania had the highest rates of infection with almost four times the rate of other at risk states. The average annual rate of infection for these ten states between the years 2003-2005 was 29. 2 cases per 100,000 people. Males accounted for 54% of the reported cases overall and 61% of cases involving children aged 5-14 years.The average age of the infected population was 41 years old (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2007). The incidence of Lyme disease remains at an alarming number despite efforts by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and others to educate people on the prevention of the disease. Many scientists believe these numbers will stay high because most Americans do not choose to follow the guidelines set forth to stop the spread of Lyme disease. Although GlaxoSmithCline did introduce a vaccine, LYMErix, in 1999, the company pulled the vaccine off the market on February 26, 2002, blaming poor sales.